Wendell Clausen's commentary on Bucolics sets out (pp. 109-119) to
demystify the fourth Eclogue: it becomes "a brilliant little poem.
Brilliant and playful, with overtures of grandeur . . . " (p. 119),
essentially Hellenistic in character like all the rest of the
collection. In this poem, not on the same level as the others (so
Virgil says in the first line), a new golden age is about to begin, and
this restoration of human felicity coincides with the birth of a puer
(male child). Who? Any commentary will list the five historical
possibilities, of whom a child to be born of the marriage between Mark
Antony and Octavia, Octavian's sister, is the least unlikely (though
they never did produce a son). In later times, the poem was thought to
prefigure Augustus (not a good idea, except in the loosest of terms) or
indeed Christ: Lactantius noted some parallels between prophecies of
the coming of the Messiah and the language used by Virgil; the emperor
Constantine was convinced that Virgil really did prophesy the coming of
Christ (while St. Jerome was quite clear that he did not), and St.
Augustine hedged his bets, saying that Virgil was, after all, quoting
the Cumaean Sibyl, and she, not the poet, had prophesied Christ's
coming. More to the point are the abundant close parallels in imagery
between the fourth Eclogue and, notably, the book of Isaiah. That is
not to suggest that Virgil read the Old Testament, but he must
inevitably have had some contact with Alexandrian Jewish prophetic
literature (as represented for us by the so-called Oracula Sibyllina).
It is not even absolutely clear that Virgil had the real birth of a
real child in mind; though he speaks of pregnancy, of the goddess of
childbirth, and of the smiling infant, even so the child may be
imagined as the symbol of a new age of hope, rendered more human and
more concrete than in any other obviously political poem. Of all the
Bucolics, the fourth is the most puzzling.
Nicholas Horsfall, Virgil. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 211: Ancient Roman Writers. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Ward W. Briggs, University of South Carolina. The Gale Group, 1999. pp. 350-365.
http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.ocadlibrary.on.ca/servlet/LitRC;jsessionid=A9944361E51D78386A0341BA1EC7DB07?vrsn=3&locID=toro37158&ASB1=AND&srchtp=adv&ADVST2=KA&c=5&ste=71&tbst=asrch&tab=1&ADVSF2=sibyl&ADVST1=KA&ADVSF1=virgil&docNum=H1200008870&bConts=4195987
Thursday, December 13, 2007
About this book Read this bookThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire By Edward Gibbon, William Smith
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
By Edward Gibbon, William Smith
Published 1862
J. Murray
Rome
About this book Read this bookThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire By Edward Gibbon, William Smith: "audience In a very long discourse which is still extant the royal preacher expatiates on the various proofs of religion but he dwells with peculiar complacency on the Sibylline verses 59 and the The fourih fourth eclogue of Virgil 60 Forty years before the birth of vi ie Christ the Mantuan bard as if inspired by the celestial muse of Isaiah had celebrated with all the pomp of oriental metaphor the return of the Virgin the fall of the serpent the approaching birth of a godlike child the offspring of the great Jupiter who should expiate the guilt of human kind and govern the peaceful universe with the virtues of his father the rise and appearance of an heavenly race a primitive nation throughout the world and the gradual restoration of the innocence and felicity of the golden age The poet was perhaps unconscious of the secret sense and object of these sublime predictions which have been so unworthily applied to the infant son of a consul or a triumvir 61 but if a more splendid and indeed specious interpretation of the fourth eclogue contributed to the conversion of the first Christian emperor Virgil "
About this book Read this bookThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire By Edward Gibbon, William Smith: "may deserve to be ranked among the most successful missionaries of the Gospel 62 The awful mysteries of the Christian faith and worship were con Devotion cealed from the eyes of strangers and even of catechumens i gdesPofV h an affected secrecy which served to excite their won constantine gi an j CUriosity 63 But the severe rules of discipline which the prudence of the bishops had instituted were relaxed by the same prudence in favour of an Imperial proselyte whom it was so important to allure by every gentle condescension into the pale of the church and Constantine was permitted at least by a tacit dispensation to enjoy most of the privileges before he had contracted any of the obligations of a Christian Instead of retiring from the congregation when the voice of the deacon dismissed the profane multitude he prayed with the faithful disputed with the bishops preached on the most sublime and intricate subjects of theology celebrated with sacred rites the vigil of Easter and publicly declared himself not only a partaker but in some measure a priest and hierophant of the Christian mysteries 64 The pride of "
pages 19-20
By Edward Gibbon, William Smith
Published 1862
J. Murray
Rome
About this book Read this bookThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire By Edward Gibbon, William Smith: "audience In a very long discourse which is still extant the royal preacher expatiates on the various proofs of religion but he dwells with peculiar complacency on the Sibylline verses 59 and the The fourih fourth eclogue of Virgil 60 Forty years before the birth of vi ie Christ the Mantuan bard as if inspired by the celestial muse of Isaiah had celebrated with all the pomp of oriental metaphor the return of the Virgin the fall of the serpent the approaching birth of a godlike child the offspring of the great Jupiter who should expiate the guilt of human kind and govern the peaceful universe with the virtues of his father the rise and appearance of an heavenly race a primitive nation throughout the world and the gradual restoration of the innocence and felicity of the golden age The poet was perhaps unconscious of the secret sense and object of these sublime predictions which have been so unworthily applied to the infant son of a consul or a triumvir 61 but if a more splendid and indeed specious interpretation of the fourth eclogue contributed to the conversion of the first Christian emperor Virgil "
About this book Read this bookThe History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire By Edward Gibbon, William Smith: "may deserve to be ranked among the most successful missionaries of the Gospel 62 The awful mysteries of the Christian faith and worship were con Devotion cealed from the eyes of strangers and even of catechumens i gdesPofV h an affected secrecy which served to excite their won constantine gi an j CUriosity 63 But the severe rules of discipline which the prudence of the bishops had instituted were relaxed by the same prudence in favour of an Imperial proselyte whom it was so important to allure by every gentle condescension into the pale of the church and Constantine was permitted at least by a tacit dispensation to enjoy most of the privileges before he had contracted any of the obligations of a Christian Instead of retiring from the congregation when the voice of the deacon dismissed the profane multitude he prayed with the faithful disputed with the bishops preached on the most sublime and intricate subjects of theology celebrated with sacred rites the vigil of Easter and publicly declared himself not only a partaker but in some measure a priest and hierophant of the Christian mysteries 64 The pride of "
pages 19-20
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone
The British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review
By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone
Published 1812
Printed for C. & J
. Rivington
v.40 1812 Jul-Dec
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone: "The important difcovery then if this The fourth Eclogue of Virgil the finefl of hii fimller work is written IN CELEBRATION OF AUGUSTUS Whom was Virgil fo likely to celebrate in the moft exalted and en thufiaflic flyle of encomium Certainly no ene How then has this difcovery been made As all difcoverits are made by the plained and mon natural procefs By obierving in what terms Virgil m ikes the fame Sibyll whom he here in troducex celebrate Auguilus in another part of his works where he points him out in thefe remarkable terms Hie vir hie eft tibi quern promitti fzpius audis AUGUSTUS C ÏSAR Divum genus áurea condet Szcula qui rurfus Latió regnata per arva Saturno quondam JEatiJ VI v 79 "
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone: "Indeed and what is the perfon predifled in the fourth Eclogue to do Exaftly the fame To bring back the golden age to Italy and to rule the world in peace But how can this be applied to Anguflus in the fourth Eclogue entitled POLLIO fince he was nineteen years of age in the confulOiip of Pollio to which the poem refers P By another flep almofl as clear and imple by making the whole eclogue excepting the four introductory lines the fuppofed prophecy of the Cumaean Sibyl which Sibyl as we have jud feen defcribes Auguflus almoit in the fame words in the bit id Thus is every difficulty removed as to the peí fon except that material one why was the Confulfhip of Pollio fo particularly worthy of celebration with reference to Auguilus or as he was then Oftavius To this the anfwer of Mr Penn is as complete and fatisf i tory as poflîble Becaufe during that Confullhip O lavius made with Antony the РКЛСК OF BRUNDUSIUM by which he was formally eilahlilhcd as Lord of all the Weilern woi Ы and confequently commenced his Saturnien reign in Italy Such is in the molt"
Which by removing all obfcurity from one of the fined poems extant enables us and all who hall hereafter read it to enjoy its beauty with tenfold iatisfaclion That the notion u ftriflly corren we have Iwrdlv the Ihadow of doubt That Virgil who celebrated Augullue fo nobly in the opening of his third Géorgie who made mm in a man ner the hero of his E ieid ihould alfo dedicate fame encomium to him in his Bucolics is of the higheft probability and th it he bas done fo in the moft admirable manner will in future be clear when the opinion here pvopofed hall be as it deferves About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone: "
"
By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone
Published 1812
Printed for C. & J
. Rivington
v.40 1812 Jul-Dec
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone: "The important difcovery then if this The fourth Eclogue of Virgil the finefl of hii fimller work is written IN CELEBRATION OF AUGUSTUS Whom was Virgil fo likely to celebrate in the moft exalted and en thufiaflic flyle of encomium Certainly no ene How then has this difcovery been made As all difcoverits are made by the plained and mon natural procefs By obierving in what terms Virgil m ikes the fame Sibyll whom he here in troducex celebrate Auguilus in another part of his works where he points him out in thefe remarkable terms Hie vir hie eft tibi quern promitti fzpius audis AUGUSTUS C ÏSAR Divum genus áurea condet Szcula qui rurfus Latió regnata per arva Saturno quondam JEatiJ VI v 79 "
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone: "Indeed and what is the perfon predifled in the fourth Eclogue to do Exaftly the fame To bring back the golden age to Italy and to rule the world in peace But how can this be applied to Anguflus in the fourth Eclogue entitled POLLIO fince he was nineteen years of age in the confulOiip of Pollio to which the poem refers P By another flep almofl as clear and imple by making the whole eclogue excepting the four introductory lines the fuppofed prophecy of the Cumaean Sibyl which Sibyl as we have jud feen defcribes Auguflus almoit in the fame words in the bit id Thus is every difficulty removed as to the peí fon except that material one why was the Confulfhip of Pollio fo particularly worthy of celebration with reference to Auguilus or as he was then Oftavius To this the anfwer of Mr Penn is as complete and fatisf i tory as poflîble Becaufe during that Confullhip O lavius made with Antony the РКЛСК OF BRUNDUSIUM by which he was formally eilahlilhcd as Lord of all the Weilern woi Ы and confequently commenced his Saturnien reign in Italy Such is in the molt"
Which by removing all obfcurity from one of the fined poems extant enables us and all who hall hereafter read it to enjoy its beauty with tenfold iatisfaclion That the notion u ftriflly corren we have Iwrdlv the Ihadow of doubt That Virgil who celebrated Augullue fo nobly in the opening of his third Géorgie who made mm in a man ner the hero of his E ieid ihould alfo dedicate fame encomium to him in his Bucolics is of the higheft probability and th it he bas done fo in the moft admirable manner will in future be clear when the opinion here pvopofed hall be as it deferves About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone
About this book Read this bookThe British Critic, and Quarterly Theological Review By John Henry Newman, James Shergold Boone: "
"
Wednesday, December 12, 2007
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson
Legends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts
By Anna Brownell Jameson
Published 1852
Longman, Brown, Green
, and Longmans
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "The series by Ghirlandajo in the Sassetti chapel consists of six subjects only 1 A famous Florentine legend not to be found at Assisi A child of the Spini family fell from the window of the Palazzo Spini and was killed on the spot While they are carrying the child to the grave the parents invoke St Francis who appears visibly and restores him to life 2 St Francis renounces the inheritance of his father 3 He stands before Pope Honorius III to whom he presents the roses which sprang from his blood 4 He receives the stigmata "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "5 St Francis before the Soklan He offers to walk through the fire to prove the truth of his mission 6 Called the death of St Francis but more properly the incredulitv of Jerome The saint lies extended on a bier surrounded by his brethren a bishop with spectacles on his nose is reciting the service for the dead a friar in front most admirablv painted kisses the hand of the saint conspicuous in the group behind Jerome stoops over and places his hand on the wounded side In compartments to the right and left kneel the votaries Francesco Sussetti and his wife Madonna Nera This even in its ruined condition is one of the finest and most solemnly dramatic pictures in the world "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "I have an those which have been engraved in Ottley's Specimens of the early Florentine School 1 When St Francis was still in his father's house and in bondage to the world a half witted simpleton meeting him in the market place of Assisi took off his own garment and spread it on the ground for him to walk over prophesying that he was worthy of all honour as one destined to greatness and to the veneration of the faithful throughout the universe 1 2 St Francis gives his cloak to the poor officer The scene is represented in the valley which lies below Assisi and St Francis is on horseback In any other locality this might be mistaken for St Martin 3 The dream of St Francis already related Here our Saviour stands beside the bed pointing to the heaps of armour prepared for the warriors of Christ 4 St Francis kneeling before the crucifix in the church of St Damiano receives the miraculous communication 5 St Francis and his father Pietro Bernardone renounce each other in "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "the Piazza of Assisi Francis throws of his garments and receives from the bishop u cloak wherewith to cover him C The vision of Pope Innocent III This is a very beautiful fresco the head of St Francis looking up to heaven as if for aid while he sustaina the falling Church is extremely expressive and so is that of one of the attendants at the pone's bedside who has dropped his head on his arm as overcome with sleep 7 Pope Honorius III confirms the rule of the Franciscan Order 8 St Francis in the chariot of fire On a certain night he had gone ap irt from his brethren to pray but at midnight when some were awake and others sleeping a fiery chariot was seen to enter by the door of the house and drive thrice round the court A globe bright and dazzling a the sun at noon day rested upon it which they knew to be the spirit of St Francis present with them but parted from his body Sticling This was one of the subjects painted by Murillo fur the Capuchins at SpaiD p fa35 Seville and seems to have much perplexed commentators 9 The seats prepared in heaven for St Francis and his Order A "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "10 St Fnmcis exorcising Arezzo The city of Arezzo was then distracted by factions and the saint on approaching beheld a company of demons dancing in the air above the walls these being the evil spirits who stirred up men's minds to strife Therenpon he sent his companion Silvester to command them in his name to depart Silvester obeyed crying with a loud voice In the name of the omnipotent God and by command of his servant Francis go out hence every one of you And immediately the demons dispersed and the city returned to peace and propriety In the fresco St Francis kneels in prayer while Silvester stands before the city in a noble attitude of command 11 St Francis before the Soldan this legend has been already related Of this subject the fresco by Ghirlandajo is particularly fine and the bas relief by Benedetto da Maiano most beautiful 12 St Francis lifted from the earth in an ecstasy of devotion 13 St Francis exhibits to his congregation a tableau or theatrical representation of the nativity of our Saviour This is curious as being the earliest instance of those exhibitions still so common in Italy about "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "of the thirsty man bending over the fountain to drink known as I Assetato Hist do 1 Act the thirsty man and deservedly praised by Vasari and by Lanzi It is mens engraved in D Agincourt 15 St Francis preaching to the birds Drawing nigh to Bevagno he came to a certain place where birds of different kinds were gathered together whom seeing the man of God ran hastily to the spot and saluting them as if they had been his fellows in reason while they all turned and bent their heads in attentive expectation he admonished them saying Brother birds greatly are ye bound to praise the Creator who clotheth you with feathers and giveth you wings to fly with and a purer air to breathe and who carcth for you who have so little care for yourselves Whilst he thus spake the little birds marvellously commoved began to spread their wings stretch forth their necks and open their beaks attentively gazing upon him and he glowing in the spirit passed through the midst of them and even touched them with his robe yet not one stirred from his place until the man of God gave them leave when with his blessing and at "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "16 The death of the young count of Celano St Francis being invited to dine with a devout and charitable noble before sitting down to table privately warned him that his end drew near and exhorted him to confess his sins for that God had given him this opportunity of making his peace in recompense of his hospitality towards the poor of Christ The young count obeyed confessed himself set his house in order and then took his place at the entertainment but before it was over sank down and expired on the spot 17 St Francis preaching before the pope and cardinals all seated in appropriate attitudes under a magnificent Gothic Loggia This fresco and similar subjects are to be referred I believe to the following passage in his life Francis hesitated long between the contemplative and the active religious life He and his disciples were men quite unlearned He wished to persuade others to follow like himself the way of salvation but he knew not how to set about it He consulted his brethren what he should do God said he has given me the gift of prayers but not the gift of words yet as the Son of Man when "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "remained silent and astonished in his presence A particular sermon which he preached at Rome before Honorius III may also be alluded to St Francis in the rule given to his brotherhood prescribed short sermons because those of our Saviour were short and as we are not the more heard above so neither are we the more listened to below for our much speaking 18 When St Antony of Padua was preaching at a general chapter of the Order held at Aries in 1224 St Francis appeared in the midst of them his arms extended in the form of a cross 19 St Francis receiving the stigmata as already described 20 The death of St Francis in the midst of his friars angels bear his into heaven "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "21 The dying friar Lying at that time on his death bed he beheld the spirit of St Francis rising into heaven and springing forward he cried Tarry father I come with thee and fell back dead 22 St Francis being laid upon his bier the people of Assisi were admitted to see and kiss the stigmata One Jerome sceptical like St Thomas would see and touch before he believed he is here represented kneeling and touching the side the dead brow frowning with anguish 23 The Lament at San Damiano The body of St Francis being carried to Assisi the bearers halt before the porch of the church and are received by St Clara and her nuns St Clara leans over embracing the body another nun kisses his hand 24 This compartment is in a ruined state 25 The vision of Pope Gregory IX This pope before he consented to canonise St Francis had some doubts of the celestial infliction of the stigmata St Francis appeared to him in a vision reproved his unbelief opened his robe and exposing the wound in his side filled a vial with the blood which flowed from it and gave it to the pope who on waking found it in his hand"
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "28 St Francis the vindicator of innocence A certain bishop had been falsely accused of heresy The bishop's cathedral is seen on the left the prison to the right in the midst he is kneeling a priest behind holds the crosier of which he has been deprived The jailer steps forward with manacles and St Francis in his habit is seen floating above in the sky and interceding for his votary "
that was giotto....'s above...
pages 259 till 267
By Anna Brownell Jameson
Published 1852
Longman, Brown, Green
, and Longmans
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "The series by Ghirlandajo in the Sassetti chapel consists of six subjects only 1 A famous Florentine legend not to be found at Assisi A child of the Spini family fell from the window of the Palazzo Spini and was killed on the spot While they are carrying the child to the grave the parents invoke St Francis who appears visibly and restores him to life 2 St Francis renounces the inheritance of his father 3 He stands before Pope Honorius III to whom he presents the roses which sprang from his blood 4 He receives the stigmata "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "5 St Francis before the Soklan He offers to walk through the fire to prove the truth of his mission 6 Called the death of St Francis but more properly the incredulitv of Jerome The saint lies extended on a bier surrounded by his brethren a bishop with spectacles on his nose is reciting the service for the dead a friar in front most admirablv painted kisses the hand of the saint conspicuous in the group behind Jerome stoops over and places his hand on the wounded side In compartments to the right and left kneel the votaries Francesco Sussetti and his wife Madonna Nera This even in its ruined condition is one of the finest and most solemnly dramatic pictures in the world "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "I have an those which have been engraved in Ottley's Specimens of the early Florentine School 1 When St Francis was still in his father's house and in bondage to the world a half witted simpleton meeting him in the market place of Assisi took off his own garment and spread it on the ground for him to walk over prophesying that he was worthy of all honour as one destined to greatness and to the veneration of the faithful throughout the universe 1 2 St Francis gives his cloak to the poor officer The scene is represented in the valley which lies below Assisi and St Francis is on horseback In any other locality this might be mistaken for St Martin 3 The dream of St Francis already related Here our Saviour stands beside the bed pointing to the heaps of armour prepared for the warriors of Christ 4 St Francis kneeling before the crucifix in the church of St Damiano receives the miraculous communication 5 St Francis and his father Pietro Bernardone renounce each other in "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "the Piazza of Assisi Francis throws of his garments and receives from the bishop u cloak wherewith to cover him C The vision of Pope Innocent III This is a very beautiful fresco the head of St Francis looking up to heaven as if for aid while he sustaina the falling Church is extremely expressive and so is that of one of the attendants at the pone's bedside who has dropped his head on his arm as overcome with sleep 7 Pope Honorius III confirms the rule of the Franciscan Order 8 St Francis in the chariot of fire On a certain night he had gone ap irt from his brethren to pray but at midnight when some were awake and others sleeping a fiery chariot was seen to enter by the door of the house and drive thrice round the court A globe bright and dazzling a the sun at noon day rested upon it which they knew to be the spirit of St Francis present with them but parted from his body Sticling This was one of the subjects painted by Murillo fur the Capuchins at SpaiD p fa35 Seville and seems to have much perplexed commentators 9 The seats prepared in heaven for St Francis and his Order A "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "10 St Fnmcis exorcising Arezzo The city of Arezzo was then distracted by factions and the saint on approaching beheld a company of demons dancing in the air above the walls these being the evil spirits who stirred up men's minds to strife Therenpon he sent his companion Silvester to command them in his name to depart Silvester obeyed crying with a loud voice In the name of the omnipotent God and by command of his servant Francis go out hence every one of you And immediately the demons dispersed and the city returned to peace and propriety In the fresco St Francis kneels in prayer while Silvester stands before the city in a noble attitude of command 11 St Francis before the Soldan this legend has been already related Of this subject the fresco by Ghirlandajo is particularly fine and the bas relief by Benedetto da Maiano most beautiful 12 St Francis lifted from the earth in an ecstasy of devotion 13 St Francis exhibits to his congregation a tableau or theatrical representation of the nativity of our Saviour This is curious as being the earliest instance of those exhibitions still so common in Italy about "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "of the thirsty man bending over the fountain to drink known as I Assetato Hist do 1 Act the thirsty man and deservedly praised by Vasari and by Lanzi It is mens engraved in D Agincourt 15 St Francis preaching to the birds Drawing nigh to Bevagno he came to a certain place where birds of different kinds were gathered together whom seeing the man of God ran hastily to the spot and saluting them as if they had been his fellows in reason while they all turned and bent their heads in attentive expectation he admonished them saying Brother birds greatly are ye bound to praise the Creator who clotheth you with feathers and giveth you wings to fly with and a purer air to breathe and who carcth for you who have so little care for yourselves Whilst he thus spake the little birds marvellously commoved began to spread their wings stretch forth their necks and open their beaks attentively gazing upon him and he glowing in the spirit passed through the midst of them and even touched them with his robe yet not one stirred from his place until the man of God gave them leave when with his blessing and at "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "16 The death of the young count of Celano St Francis being invited to dine with a devout and charitable noble before sitting down to table privately warned him that his end drew near and exhorted him to confess his sins for that God had given him this opportunity of making his peace in recompense of his hospitality towards the poor of Christ The young count obeyed confessed himself set his house in order and then took his place at the entertainment but before it was over sank down and expired on the spot 17 St Francis preaching before the pope and cardinals all seated in appropriate attitudes under a magnificent Gothic Loggia This fresco and similar subjects are to be referred I believe to the following passage in his life Francis hesitated long between the contemplative and the active religious life He and his disciples were men quite unlearned He wished to persuade others to follow like himself the way of salvation but he knew not how to set about it He consulted his brethren what he should do God said he has given me the gift of prayers but not the gift of words yet as the Son of Man when "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "remained silent and astonished in his presence A particular sermon which he preached at Rome before Honorius III may also be alluded to St Francis in the rule given to his brotherhood prescribed short sermons because those of our Saviour were short and as we are not the more heard above so neither are we the more listened to below for our much speaking 18 When St Antony of Padua was preaching at a general chapter of the Order held at Aries in 1224 St Francis appeared in the midst of them his arms extended in the form of a cross 19 St Francis receiving the stigmata as already described 20 The death of St Francis in the midst of his friars angels bear his into heaven "
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "21 The dying friar Lying at that time on his death bed he beheld the spirit of St Francis rising into heaven and springing forward he cried Tarry father I come with thee and fell back dead 22 St Francis being laid upon his bier the people of Assisi were admitted to see and kiss the stigmata One Jerome sceptical like St Thomas would see and touch before he believed he is here represented kneeling and touching the side the dead brow frowning with anguish 23 The Lament at San Damiano The body of St Francis being carried to Assisi the bearers halt before the porch of the church and are received by St Clara and her nuns St Clara leans over embracing the body another nun kisses his hand 24 This compartment is in a ruined state 25 The vision of Pope Gregory IX This pope before he consented to canonise St Francis had some doubts of the celestial infliction of the stigmata St Francis appeared to him in a vision reproved his unbelief opened his robe and exposing the wound in his side filled a vial with the blood which flowed from it and gave it to the pope who on waking found it in his hand"
About this book Read this bookLegends of the Monastic Orders as Represented in the Fine Arts By Anna Brownell Jameson: "28 St Francis the vindicator of innocence A certain bishop had been falsely accused of heresy The bishop's cathedral is seen on the left the prison to the right in the midst he is kneeling a priest behind holds the crosier of which he has been deprived The jailer steps forward with manacles and St Francis in his habit is seen floating above in the sky and interceding for his votary "
that was giotto....'s above...
pages 259 till 267
Monday, December 10, 2007
The Eclectic Magazine By John Holmes Agnew, Walter Hilliard Bidwell
The Eclectic Magazine By John Holmes Agnew, Walter Hilliard Bidwell: "He would have comforted him by taking the horoscope of the world and proving to him that it would survive the iatal 1867 In this way Landino took the horoscope of religion and foretold that it would undergo an important change on the 25th of November 1484 in consequence of the conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn It is rather a singular coïncidence that Luther was born on the 25th of November 1483 or 1484 Such a happy guess would have made the fortune of Zadkiel at the present day "
The Eclectic Magazine By John Holmes Agnew, Walter Hilliard Bidwell: "Nor did Ficino stand alone in these fanciful ideas they were common to all the great men who lived at that period known as the Renaissance Cardan the mathematician tells us in his life that his genius appeared in the shape of a fly buzzing in his ear a volume of predictions was inspired by a wasp that entered his study one of these referred to his own death and he took care to verify it by abstaining from food Macchiavelli as a writer might be supposed to have risen superior to the superstitious feelings of his age and yet he tells us Discorsi lib i cap Ivi that the air is full of spirits which from a feeling of compassion to mortals warn them by sinister auguries of the evils which are impending over them Guicciardini the historian who lived at a still later period candidly expresses his belief that there are spirits of the air which converse familiarly with men for says he I have had such experience of them as appears to me to place the matter beyond all doubt These strange ideas were the direct result of the Neoplatonic philosophy the influence of which is perceptible in many expressions still employed long after the system itself has been exploded."
The Eclectic Magazine By John Holmes Agnew, Walter Hilliard Bidwell: "Nor did Ficino stand alone in these fanciful ideas they were common to all the great men who lived at that period known as the Renaissance Cardan the mathematician tells us in his life that his genius appeared in the shape of a fly buzzing in his ear a volume of predictions was inspired by a wasp that entered his study one of these referred to his own death and he took care to verify it by abstaining from food Macchiavelli as a writer might be supposed to have risen superior to the superstitious feelings of his age and yet he tells us Discorsi lib i cap Ivi that the air is full of spirits which from a feeling of compassion to mortals warn them by sinister auguries of the evils which are impending over them Guicciardini the historian who lived at a still later period candidly expresses his belief that there are spirits of the air which converse familiarly with men for says he I have had such experience of them as appears to me to place the matter beyond all doubt These strange ideas were the direct result of the Neoplatonic philosophy the influence of which is perceptible in many expressions still employed long after the system itself has been exploded."
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "t iyffiórtc avTütv ПарбиаТо In all these countries there were magi at least persons who in the wider sense of the word were now known by the name Their words in ver 2 seem to point to some land not very near Judœa as also the result of Herod's inquiry as to the date shown in ó jr íieroSc 2 If we place together a the prophecy in Num xxiv 17 which could hardly be unknown to the Eastern astrologers and 3 the assertion of Suetonius Vesp c 4 Percrebuerat Oriente toto vêtus et cotisions opinio esse in fatis ut eo tempore Judsea profecti rerum potirentur and Tacitus v 13 Pluribus persuasio inerat antiquis sacerdotum literis contineri eo ipso tempore fore ut valesceret Oriens profectique Jucltea rerum potirentur and y the prophecy also likely to be known in the East of the seventy weeks in Daniel ix 24 we can I think be at no loss to understand how any remarkable celestial appearance at this time should have been as it was (3) "
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "There is no ground for supposing the magi to have been three in number nor to have been kings The first tradition appears to have arisen from the number of their gifts the second from the prophecy in Is Ix 3 2 ovroi TOV atrripa This expression of the magi we have seen his star docs not seem to point to any miraculous appearance but to something observed in the course of their watching the heavens Now we learn from astronomical calculations that a remarkable conjunction of the planets of our system took place a short time before the birth of our Lord In the year of Rome 747 on the 20th of May there was a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn in the 20th degree of the constellation Pisces close to the first point of Aries which was the part of the heavens noted in astrological science as that in which the signs denoted the greatest and most noble events On the 27th of October in the same year another conjunction of the same planets took place in the 16th degree of Pisces and on the 12th of November a third in the 15th degree of the same sign On these two last occasions the planets were so near that an ordinary eye would"
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "brightness Ideler Handbuch der Chronologie ii 399 sqq also Winer Rcälworter buch under Stern der Weisen which see Supposing the magi to have seen the first of these conjunctions they saw it actually in the East for on the 20th of May it would rise shortly before the sun If they then took their journey and arrived at Jerusalem in a little more than five months the journey from Babylon took Ezra four months see Ezra vii 9 if they performed the route from Jerusalem to Bethlehem in the evening as is implied the November conjunction in 15 of Pisces would be before them in the direction of Bethlehem coming to the meridian about 8 o clock P.M. These circumstances would seem to form a remarkable coincidence with the history in our text They are in no way inconsistent with the word aaripa which cannot surely be pressed to its mere literal sense of one single star but understood in its wider astrological meaning nor is thia explanation of the star directing them to Bethlehem at all repugnant to the plain words of w 9 10 importing its motion from s.E. towards s.w. the direct ion of Bethlehem We may further observe that no part of the t"
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "We may further observe that no part of the text respecting the star asserts or even implies a miracle and that the very slight apparent inconsistencies with the above explanation are no more than the report of the magi themselves and the general belief of the age would render unavoidable If this subservience of the superstitions of astrology to the Divine purposes be objected to we may answer with Wetstein Supercst igitur ut illos ex regulis artis sute hoc habu isse existimemus quœ licet certissime futi lis vana atque fallax esset casu tarnen ali quando in verum incidere potuit Admira bilis hinc elucet sapientia Dei qui homi num crroribus ct sccleribus usus Josephum per scelus fratrum in Egyptum deduxit regem Babclis per haruspicia et sortes Judiéis immisit Ezech xxi 21 22 et magos hic per astrologiam ad Christum direxit It may be remarked that Abar banel the Jew who knew nothing of this conjunction relates it Maajne haschnah cited by Munter in Ebrard Wissensch Kritik p 248 as a tradition that no conjunction could be of mightier import than that "
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "of Jupiter and Saturn which planets were in co7 j A.M. 2305 before the birth of Moses in the sign of Pisces and thence remarks that that sign was the most significant one for the Jews From this consideration he concludes that the conjunction "
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "of these planets in that sign in his own timo л D 1 3 betokened the near approach of the birth of the Messiah And as the Jews did not invent astrology but learnt it from the G haldceans this idea that a conjunction in Pisces betokened some great event in Judoca must have prevailed among Clmlda an astrologers Iv тд ауат Not at its rising in which case we should expect to find aurov if not here certainly in ver 9 but in the East i.e. either in the Eastern country from which they came or in the Eastern quarter of the heavens as above explained In ver 9 Iv т afar is opposed to l-r i i-i où TJI та iraifíov irpoçKVKrjoui To do homage to him in the Eastern fashion of prostration Ne ccsse c t cnim si in conspectum vcneris vcncrari te Regem juod illi TrpocKvvtiv vocant Corn Nep Conon 3 3 ira рахвт Josephus Ant xvii 24 represents these troubles as raised by the Pharisees who prophesied a revolution puty "
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "There is no ground for supposing the magi to have been three in number nor to have been kings The first tradition appears to have arisen from the number of their gifts the second from the prophecy in Is Ix 3 2 ovroi TOV atrripa This expression of the magi we have seen his star docs not seem to point to any miraculous appearance but to something observed in the course of their watching the heavens Now we learn from astronomical calculations that a remarkable conjunction of the planets of our system took place a short time before the birth of our Lord In the year of Rome 747 on the 20th of May there was a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn in the 20th degree of the constellation Pisces close to the first point of Aries which was the part of the heavens noted in astrological science as that in which the signs denoted the greatest and most noble events On the 27th of October in the same year another conjunction of the same planets took place in the 16th degree of Pisces and on the 12th of November a third in the 15th degree of the same sign On these two last occasions the planets were so near that an ordinary eye would"
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "brightness Ideler Handbuch der Chronologie ii 399 sqq also Winer Rcälworter buch under Stern der Weisen which see Supposing the magi to have seen the first of these conjunctions they saw it actually in the East for on the 20th of May it would rise shortly before the sun If they then took their journey and arrived at Jerusalem in a little more than five months the journey from Babylon took Ezra four months see Ezra vii 9 if they performed the route from Jerusalem to Bethlehem in the evening as is implied the November conjunction in 15 of Pisces would be before them in the direction of Bethlehem coming to the meridian about 8 o clock P.M. These circumstances would seem to form a remarkable coincidence with the history in our text They are in no way inconsistent with the word aaripa which cannot surely be pressed to its mere literal sense of one single star but understood in its wider astrological meaning nor is thia explanation of the star directing them to Bethlehem at all repugnant to the plain words of w 9 10 importing its motion from s.E. towards s.w. the direct ion of Bethlehem We may further observe that no part of the t"
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "We may further observe that no part of the text respecting the star asserts or even implies a miracle and that the very slight apparent inconsistencies with the above explanation are no more than the report of the magi themselves and the general belief of the age would render unavoidable If this subservience of the superstitions of astrology to the Divine purposes be objected to we may answer with Wetstein Supercst igitur ut illos ex regulis artis sute hoc habu isse existimemus quœ licet certissime futi lis vana atque fallax esset casu tarnen ali quando in verum incidere potuit Admira bilis hinc elucet sapientia Dei qui homi num crroribus ct sccleribus usus Josephum per scelus fratrum in Egyptum deduxit regem Babclis per haruspicia et sortes Judiéis immisit Ezech xxi 21 22 et magos hic per astrologiam ad Christum direxit It may be remarked that Abar banel the Jew who knew nothing of this conjunction relates it Maajne haschnah cited by Munter in Ebrard Wissensch Kritik p 248 as a tradition that no conjunction could be of mightier import than that "
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "of Jupiter and Saturn which planets were in co7 j A.M. 2305 before the birth of Moses in the sign of Pisces and thence remarks that that sign was the most significant one for the Jews From this consideration he concludes that the conjunction "
The Greek Testament: With a Critically Revised Text: a Digest of Various ... edited by Henry Alford: "of these planets in that sign in his own timo л D 1 3 betokened the near approach of the birth of the Messiah And as the Jews did not invent astrology but learnt it from the G haldceans this idea that a conjunction in Pisces betokened some great event in Judoca must have prevailed among Clmlda an astrologers Iv тд ауат Not at its rising in which case we should expect to find aurov if not here certainly in ver 9 but in the East i.e. either in the Eastern country from which they came or in the Eastern quarter of the heavens as above explained In ver 9 Iv т afar is opposed to l-r i i-i où TJI та iraifíov irpoçKVKrjoui To do homage to him in the Eastern fashion of prostration Ne ccsse c t cnim si in conspectum vcneris vcncrari te Regem juod illi TrpocKvvtiv vocant Corn Nep Conon 3 3 ira рахвт Josephus Ant xvii 24 represents these troubles as raised by the Pharisees who prophesied a revolution puty "
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman
Coleman Lyman. An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography.
Philadelphia: Presbyterian publication committee.1860
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "THE STAR IN THE EAST It is the common and probably the true impression that some supernatural or meteoric appearance guided the wise men like the pillar of a cloud to the Israelites But the notion has been entertained that the star may have been none other than a remarkable conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn If this be true it will relieve the passage of many difficulties and confirm by another astronomical fact the correction of our chronology which has already been mentioned The explanation as given below has engaged the attention of many of the greatest minds and is at least worthy of a respectful consideration Kepler the prince of modern astronomers under the influence of a conjunction of the planets Jupiter Saturn and Mars which took place in 1604 was led to think that he had discovered means for deter "
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "mining the true year of our Saviour's birth He made his calculations and found that Jupiter and Saturn were in conjunction in the constellation of the Fishes a fish is the astronomical symbol of Judea in the latter half of the year of Rome 747 and were joined by Mars in 748 Here then he fixed the first figure in the date of our era and here he found the appearance in the heavens which induced the Magi to undertake their journey and conducted them successfully on their way Others have taken up this view freed it from astrological impurities and shown its trustworthiness and applicability in the case under consideration It appears that Jupiter and Saturn came together for the first time on May 20th in the twentieth degree of the constellation of the Fishes They then stood before sunrise in the eastern part of the heavens and so were seen by the Magi Jupiter then passed by Saturn toward the north About the middle of September they were near midnight both in opposition to the sun Saturn in the thirteenth Jupiter in the fifteenth degree being distant from each other about a degree and a half They then drew nearer On October 27th there was a second conjunction in the"
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "conjunctions the interval between the planets amounted to no more than a degree so that to the unassisted eye the rays of the one planet were absorbed in those of the other and the two bodies would appear as one The two planets went past each other three times came very near together and showed themselves all night long for months in conjunction with each other as if they would never separate again Their first union in the East awoke the attention of the Magi told them the expected time had come and bade them set off without delay toward Judea the fish land When they reached Jerusalem the two planets were once more blended together Then in the evening they stood in the southern part of the sky pointing with their united rays to Bethlehem where prophecy declared the Messiah was to be born The Magi followed the finger of heavenly light and were brought to the child Jesus The conclusion in regard to the time of the advent is that our Lord was born in the latter part of the year of Eome 747 or six years before the common era These results of astronomical calculation do not call in question the exact and literal truthfulness of the gospel narrative of the star"
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "The coincidence is at least remarkable and exhibit a phenomenon by which it is supposed that the wise men may have been providentially guided to the infant Saviour 11 The flight into Egypt B c 5 Herod's cruelty B c 5 BETHLEHEM The return B c 4 Josephus relates that an eclipse of fhe moon occurred a few days before the death of Herod the Great This has been found by calculation to have been between March 12th and 13th B c 4 The return then may have been in the summer or autumn following NAZARETH Matt ii 13 23 Luke ii "
pg.174
Philadelphia: Presbyterian publication committee.1860
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "THE STAR IN THE EAST It is the common and probably the true impression that some supernatural or meteoric appearance guided the wise men like the pillar of a cloud to the Israelites But the notion has been entertained that the star may have been none other than a remarkable conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn If this be true it will relieve the passage of many difficulties and confirm by another astronomical fact the correction of our chronology which has already been mentioned The explanation as given below has engaged the attention of many of the greatest minds and is at least worthy of a respectful consideration Kepler the prince of modern astronomers under the influence of a conjunction of the planets Jupiter Saturn and Mars which took place in 1604 was led to think that he had discovered means for deter "
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "mining the true year of our Saviour's birth He made his calculations and found that Jupiter and Saturn were in conjunction in the constellation of the Fishes a fish is the astronomical symbol of Judea in the latter half of the year of Rome 747 and were joined by Mars in 748 Here then he fixed the first figure in the date of our era and here he found the appearance in the heavens which induced the Magi to undertake their journey and conducted them successfully on their way Others have taken up this view freed it from astrological impurities and shown its trustworthiness and applicability in the case under consideration It appears that Jupiter and Saturn came together for the first time on May 20th in the twentieth degree of the constellation of the Fishes They then stood before sunrise in the eastern part of the heavens and so were seen by the Magi Jupiter then passed by Saturn toward the north About the middle of September they were near midnight both in opposition to the sun Saturn in the thirteenth Jupiter in the fifteenth degree being distant from each other about a degree and a half They then drew nearer On October 27th there was a second conjunction in the"
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "conjunctions the interval between the planets amounted to no more than a degree so that to the unassisted eye the rays of the one planet were absorbed in those of the other and the two bodies would appear as one The two planets went past each other three times came very near together and showed themselves all night long for months in conjunction with each other as if they would never separate again Their first union in the East awoke the attention of the Magi told them the expected time had come and bade them set off without delay toward Judea the fish land When they reached Jerusalem the two planets were once more blended together Then in the evening they stood in the southern part of the sky pointing with their united rays to Bethlehem where prophecy declared the Messiah was to be born The Magi followed the finger of heavenly light and were brought to the child Jesus The conclusion in regard to the time of the advent is that our Lord was born in the latter part of the year of Eome 747 or six years before the common era These results of astronomical calculation do not call in question the exact and literal truthfulness of the gospel narrative of the star"
An Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography By Lyman Coleman: "The coincidence is at least remarkable and exhibit a phenomenon by which it is supposed that the wise men may have been providentially guided to the infant Saviour 11 The flight into Egypt B c 5 Herod's cruelty B c 5 BETHLEHEM The return B c 4 Josephus relates that an eclipse of fhe moon occurred a few days before the death of Herod the Great This has been found by calculation to have been between March 12th and 13th B c 4 The return then may have been in the summer or autumn following NAZARETH Matt ii 13 23 Luke ii "
pg.174
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "720 Now although it is true that the mean motions of no two planets are exactly commensurate yet cases are not wanting in which there exists an approach to this adjustment For instance in the case of Jupiter and Saturn a cycle composed of five periods of Jupiter and two of Saturn although it does not exactly bring about the same configuration docs so pretty nearly Five periods of Jupiter are 21663 days and two periods of Saturn 21519 days The difference is only 146 days in which Jupiter describes on an average 12 and Saturn about 5 so that after the lapse of the former interval they will only be 7 from a conjunction in the same parts of their orbits as before If we calculate the time which will exactly bring about on the average three conjunctions of the two planets we shall find it to be 21760 days their synodi cal period being 7253 4 days In this interval Saturn will have "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "described 8 6 in excess of two sidereal revolutions and Jupiter the same angle in excess of five Every third conjunction then will take place 8 6 in advance of the preceding which is near enough to establish not it is true an identity with but still a great approach to the case in question The excess of action for several such triple conjunctions 7 or 8 in succession will lie the same way and at each of them the elements of P's orbit and its angular motion will be similarly influenced so as to accumulate the effect upon its longitude thus giving rise to an irregularity of considerable magnitude and very long period which is well known to astronomers by the name of the great inequality of Jupiter and Saturn 721 The arc 8 6 is contained 44 times in the whole circumference of 360 and if we trace round this "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "particular conjunction we shall find it will return to the same point of the orbit in so many times 21760 days or in 2648 years But the conjunction we are now considering is only one out of three The other two will happen at points of the orbit about 123 and 246 distant and these points also will advance by the same arc of 8 6 in 21760 days Consequently the period of 2648 years will bring them all round and in that interval each of them will pass through that point of the two orbits from which we com "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "menced hence a conjunction one or other of the three will happen at that point once in one third of this period or in 883 years and this is therefore the cycle in which the great inequality would undergo its full compensation did the elements of the orbits continue all that time invariable Their variation however is considerable in so long an interval and owing to this cause the period itself is prolonged to about 918 years 722 We have selected this inequality as the most remarkable instance of this kind of action on account of its magnitude the length of its period and its high historical interest It had long been remarked by astronomers that on comparing together modern with ancient observations of Jupiter and Saturn the mean motions of these planets did not appear to be uniform The period of Saturn for instance appeared to have been lengthening throughout the whole of the seventeenth and that of "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "shortening that is to say the one planet was constantly lagging behind and the other getting in advance of its calculated place On the other hand in the eighteenth century a process precisely the reverse seemed to be going on It is true the whole retardations and accelerations observed were not very great but as their influence went on accumulating they produced at length material differences between the observed and calculated places of both these planets which as they could not then be accounted for by any theory excited a high degree of attention and were even at one time too hastily regarded as almost subversive of the Newtonian doctrine of gravity For a long while his difference baffled every endeavour to account for it till at length Laplace pointed out its cause in the near commensurality of the mean motions as above shown and succeeded in calculating its period and amount "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "723 The inequality in question amounts at its maximum to an alternate gain and loss of about 0 49 in the longitude of Saturn and a corresponding loss and gain of about 0 21 in that of Jupiter That an acceleration in the one planet must necessarily be accompanied by a retardation in the other might appear at first sight self evident if we consider that action and reaction being equal and in contrary directions whatever momentum Jupiter communicates to Saturn in the direction PM the same momentum must Saturn communicate to Jupiter in the direction "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "M P The one therefore it might seem to be plausibly argued will be dragged forward whenever the other is pulled back in its orbit The inference is correct so far as the general and final result goes but the reasoning by which it would on the first glance appear to be thus summarily established is fallacious or at least incomplete It is perfectly true that whatever momentum Jupiter communicates directly to Saturn Saturn communicates an equal momentum to Jupiter in an opposite linear direction But it is not with the absolute motions of the two planets in space that we are now concerned but with the relative motion of each separately with respect to the sun regarded as at rest The perturbative forces the forces which disturb these relative motions do not act along the line of junction of the planets art 614 In the reasoning thus objected to the attraction of each On the sun has been left out of the account and it remains to be shown that these attractions neutralize and destroy each other's effects in considerable periods of time as bearing upon the result in question Suppose then that we for a moment abandon the point of view in "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "which we have hitherto all along considered the subject and regard the sun as free to move and liable to be displaced by the attractions of the two planets Then will the movements of all be performed about the common centre of gravity just as they would have been about the sun's centre regarded as immovable the sun all the while circulating in a small orbit with a motion compounded of the two elliptic motions it would have in virtue of their separate attractions about the same centre Now in this case M still disturbs P and P M but the whole disturbing force now acts along their line of junction and since it remains true that whatever momentum M generates in P P will generate the same in M in a contrary direction it will also be strictly true that so far as a disturbance of their elliptic motions about the cotwnon centre of gravity of the system is alone regarded whatever disturbance of velocity is generated in the one a contrary disturbance of velocity only in the inverse ratio of the masses and modified though never contradicted by the directions in which they are We arc here reading a sort of recantation In the edition of 1S33 the remarkable result in question is"
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "described 8 6 in excess of two sidereal revolutions and Jupiter the same angle in excess of five Every third conjunction then will take place 8 6 in advance of the preceding which is near enough to establish not it is true an identity with but still a great approach to the case in question The excess of action for several such triple conjunctions 7 or 8 in succession will lie the same way and at each of them the elements of P's orbit and its angular motion will be similarly influenced so as to accumulate the effect upon its longitude thus giving rise to an irregularity of considerable magnitude and very long period which is well known to astronomers by the name of the great inequality of Jupiter and Saturn 721 The arc 8 6 is contained 44 times in the whole circumference of 360 and if we trace round this "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "particular conjunction we shall find it will return to the same point of the orbit in so many times 21760 days or in 2648 years But the conjunction we are now considering is only one out of three The other two will happen at points of the orbit about 123 and 246 distant and these points also will advance by the same arc of 8 6 in 21760 days Consequently the period of 2648 years will bring them all round and in that interval each of them will pass through that point of the two orbits from which we com "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "menced hence a conjunction one or other of the three will happen at that point once in one third of this period or in 883 years and this is therefore the cycle in which the great inequality would undergo its full compensation did the elements of the orbits continue all that time invariable Their variation however is considerable in so long an interval and owing to this cause the period itself is prolonged to about 918 years 722 We have selected this inequality as the most remarkable instance of this kind of action on account of its magnitude the length of its period and its high historical interest It had long been remarked by astronomers that on comparing together modern with ancient observations of Jupiter and Saturn the mean motions of these planets did not appear to be uniform The period of Saturn for instance appeared to have been lengthening throughout the whole of the seventeenth and that of "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "shortening that is to say the one planet was constantly lagging behind and the other getting in advance of its calculated place On the other hand in the eighteenth century a process precisely the reverse seemed to be going on It is true the whole retardations and accelerations observed were not very great but as their influence went on accumulating they produced at length material differences between the observed and calculated places of both these planets which as they could not then be accounted for by any theory excited a high degree of attention and were even at one time too hastily regarded as almost subversive of the Newtonian doctrine of gravity For a long while his difference baffled every endeavour to account for it till at length Laplace pointed out its cause in the near commensurality of the mean motions as above shown and succeeded in calculating its period and amount "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "723 The inequality in question amounts at its maximum to an alternate gain and loss of about 0 49 in the longitude of Saturn and a corresponding loss and gain of about 0 21 in that of Jupiter That an acceleration in the one planet must necessarily be accompanied by a retardation in the other might appear at first sight self evident if we consider that action and reaction being equal and in contrary directions whatever momentum Jupiter communicates to Saturn in the direction PM the same momentum must Saturn communicate to Jupiter in the direction "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "M P The one therefore it might seem to be plausibly argued will be dragged forward whenever the other is pulled back in its orbit The inference is correct so far as the general and final result goes but the reasoning by which it would on the first glance appear to be thus summarily established is fallacious or at least incomplete It is perfectly true that whatever momentum Jupiter communicates directly to Saturn Saturn communicates an equal momentum to Jupiter in an opposite linear direction But it is not with the absolute motions of the two planets in space that we are now concerned but with the relative motion of each separately with respect to the sun regarded as at rest The perturbative forces the forces which disturb these relative motions do not act along the line of junction of the planets art 614 In the reasoning thus objected to the attraction of each On the sun has been left out of the account and it remains to be shown that these attractions neutralize and destroy each other's effects in considerable periods of time as bearing upon the result in question Suppose then that we for a moment abandon the point of view in "
Outlines of Astronomy By John Frederick William Herschel: "which we have hitherto all along considered the subject and regard the sun as free to move and liable to be displaced by the attractions of the two planets Then will the movements of all be performed about the common centre of gravity just as they would have been about the sun's centre regarded as immovable the sun all the while circulating in a small orbit with a motion compounded of the two elliptic motions it would have in virtue of their separate attractions about the same centre Now in this case M still disturbs P and P M but the whole disturbing force now acts along their line of junction and since it remains true that whatever momentum M generates in P P will generate the same in M in a contrary direction it will also be strictly true that so far as a disturbance of their elliptic motions about the cotwnon centre of gravity of the system is alone regarded whatever disturbance of velocity is generated in the one a contrary disturbance of velocity only in the inverse ratio of the masses and modified though never contradicted by the directions in which they are We arc here reading a sort of recantation In the edition of 1S33 the remarkable result in question is"
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm)
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "Orolta Qiulia commonly called the Cave of the Sibyl Torches are necessary for the examination of this grotto the local guides will supply them for 2 carlini When Agrippa constructed the Portus Julius he employed Coceen to excavate two tunnels to communicate between the new port and the cities of Cumee and Baiœ Virgil speaks of three caverns the first by which he makes the Sibyl conduct yEneas from Cumee to the spot where he has to offer his sacrifice to the infernal deities the second which they traverse to reach the borders of the Acheron the third with its hundred mouths where the Sibyl pronounced her oracles It is "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "possible that tlie first two may have been suggested to the poet by the tunnels of Agrippa the one leading from Cumm to Avernus the other from Avemus to the Lucrinc There is no doubt that many of the objects now around us suggested to the poet the general features of the scene as he imagined it to have been a thousand years before he wrote but it is surely destructive of all poetry to attempt to make the supernatural creations of the 6th book of the Eneid a topographical description of the district The tunnel called Gratta délia Siiiilla is that which led from Avernus to the sea shore on the road to Baiee The entrance is in the cliff on the S margin the lake under a brick arch leading into a long damp passage which was lighted "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "description of the district tunnel called Gratta délia Siiiilla that which led from Avernus to sea shore on the road to Baiee The entrance is in the cliff on the S margin the lake under a brick arch leading a long damp passage which was by vertical spiracula or air holes tunnel is cut through a hill of tufa the sides and roof in many places been strengthenedwithreticulated brickwork About midway between the lakes is a narrow passage on the rt leading to a small square apartment in which if we are to believe the were the Faucet Orel "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "this is a chamber traces a mosaic pavement some vestiges of mosaics on the wall and two recesses the whole arrangement of the apartment clearly proving that it was warm bath The floor is covered the depth of a foot witli tepid which springs in one of the chambers This is called by the the Sath of the Sibyl the traveller carried into it on the back of the guide An opening near this now closed up has been called one of the secret of the Sibyl in all probability it into another chamber The other tunnel is in the cliff o the W side of "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "lake it is accessible only for a distance and as it presents no of interest it is seldom explored direction however loaves no doubt it was the ancient subterranean com munieation between the shores of lake and Cumœ see 302 "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "cuous object on the E whore the smaller canal now excavating is to enter It is an extensive ruin octangular externally and circular within and about 100 feet in diameter It has windows in the upper part several chambers in the rear and others at the side one of which lias a vaulted roof with a large aperture in the centre The form of this chamber and the arrangement of the whole building show that it was a bath of considerable magnificence Yet it has been called at various times the Temple of Hecate of Mercury of Pluto of Juno of Neptune and at last of Apollo In one ol the rooms there is still a mineral spring called the Acqua Capona "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "possible that tlie first two may have been suggested to the poet by the tunnels of Agrippa the one leading from Cumm to Avernus the other from Avemus to the Lucrinc There is no doubt that many of the objects now around us suggested to the poet the general features of the scene as he imagined it to have been a thousand years before he wrote but it is surely destructive of all poetry to attempt to make the supernatural creations of the 6th book of the Eneid a topographical description of the district The tunnel called Gratta délia Siiiilla is that which led from Avernus to the sea shore on the road to Baiee The entrance is in the cliff on the S margin the lake under a brick arch leading into a long damp passage which was lighted "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "description of the district tunnel called Gratta délia Siiiilla that which led from Avernus to sea shore on the road to Baiee The entrance is in the cliff on the S margin the lake under a brick arch leading a long damp passage which was by vertical spiracula or air holes tunnel is cut through a hill of tufa the sides and roof in many places been strengthenedwithreticulated brickwork About midway between the lakes is a narrow passage on the rt leading to a small square apartment in which if we are to believe the were the Faucet Orel "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "this is a chamber traces a mosaic pavement some vestiges of mosaics on the wall and two recesses the whole arrangement of the apartment clearly proving that it was warm bath The floor is covered the depth of a foot witli tepid which springs in one of the chambers This is called by the the Sath of the Sibyl the traveller carried into it on the back of the guide An opening near this now closed up has been called one of the secret of the Sibyl in all probability it into another chamber The other tunnel is in the cliff o the W side of "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "lake it is accessible only for a distance and as it presents no of interest it is seldom explored direction however loaves no doubt it was the ancient subterranean com munieation between the shores of lake and Cumœ see 302 "
A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the ... By John Murray (Firm): "cuous object on the E whore the smaller canal now excavating is to enter It is an extensive ruin octangular externally and circular within and about 100 feet in diameter It has windows in the upper part several chambers in the rear and others at the side one of which lias a vaulted roof with a large aperture in the centre The form of this chamber and the arrangement of the whole building show that it was a bath of considerable magnificence Yet it has been called at various times the Temple of Hecate of Mercury of Pluto of Juno of Neptune and at last of Apollo In one ol the rooms there is still a mineral spring called the Acqua Capona "
aristotle problems
The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Works of Aristotle the Famous
Philosopher, by Anonymous
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: The Works of Aristotle the Famous Philosopher
Containing his Complete Masterpiece and Family Physician; his
Experienced Midwife, his Book of Problems and his Remarks on
Physiognomy
Author: Anonymous
Release Date: June 24, 2004 [EBook #12699]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WORKS OF ARISTOTLE ***
Produced by Jonathan Ingram and PG Distributed Proofreaders
---------------------------
CHAPTER VI
_Of the Power of the Celestial Bodies over Men and Women._
Having spoken thus largely of Physiognomy, and the judgment given
thereby concerning the dispositions and inclinations of men and women,
it will be convenient here to show how all these things come to pass;
and how it is that the secret inclinations and future fate of men and
women may be known from the consideration of the several parts of the
bodies. They arise from the power and dominion of superior powers to
understand the twelve signs of the Zodiac, whose signs, characters and
significations are as follows:--
[Illustration]
_Aries_, the Ram, which governs the head and face.
_Taurus_, the Bull, which governs the neck.
_Gemini_, the Twins, which governs the hands and arms.
_Cancer_, the Crab, governs the breast and stomach.
_Leo_, the Lion, governs the back and heart
_Virgo_, the Virgin, governs the belly and bowels.
_Libra_, the Balance, governs the veins and loins.
_Scorpio_, the Scorpion, governs the secret parts.
_Sagittary_, the Centaur, governs the thighs.
_Capricorn_, the Goat, governs the knees.
_Aquarius_, the Water-Bearer, governs the legs and ankles.
_Pisces_, the Fish, governs the feet.
It is here furthermore necessary to let the reader know, that the
ancients have divided the celestial sphere into twelve parts, according
to the number of these signs, which are termed houses; as in the first
house, Aries, in the second Taurus, in the third Gemini, etc. And
besides their assigning the twelve signs of the twelve houses, they
allot to each house its proper business.
To the first house they give the signification of life.
The second house has the signification of wealth, substances, or riches.
The third is the mansion of brethren.
The fourth, the house of parentage.
The fifth is the house of children.
The sixth is the house of sickness or disease.
The seventh is the house of wedlock, and also of enemies, because
oftentimes a wife or husband proves the worst enemy.
The eighth is the house of death.
The ninth is the house of religion.
The tenth is the signification of honours.
The eleventh of friendship.
The twelfth is the house of affliction and woe.
Now, astrologically speaking, a house is a certain place in the heaven
or firmament, divided by certain degrees, through which the planets have
their motion, and in which they have their residence and are situated.
And these houses are divided by thirty degrees, for every sign has so
many degrees. And these signs or houses are called the houses of such
and such planets as make their residence therein, and are such as
delight in them, and as they are deposited in such and such houses are
said to be either dignified or debilitated. For though the planets in
their several revolutions go through all the houses, yet there are some
houses which they are more properly said to delight in. As for instance,
Aries and Scorpio are the houses of Mars; Taurus and Libra of Venus;
Gemini and Virgo of Mercury; Sagittarius and Pisces are the houses of
Jupiter; Capricorn and Aquarius are the houses of Saturn; Leo is the
house of the Sun; and Cancer is the house of the Moon.
Now to sum up the whole, and show how this concerns Physiognomy, is
this:--as the body of man, as we have shown, is not only governed by the
signs and planets, but every part is appropriated to one or another of
them, so according to the particular influence of each sign and planet,
so governing is the disposition, inclination, and nature of the person
governed. For such and such tokens and marks do show a person to be born
under such and such a planet; so according to the nature, power and
influences of the planets, is the judgment to be made of that person. By
which the reader may see that the judgments drawn from physiognomy are
grounded upon a certain verity.
Philosopher, by Anonymous
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: The Works of Aristotle the Famous Philosopher
Containing his Complete Masterpiece and Family Physician; his
Experienced Midwife, his Book of Problems and his Remarks on
Physiognomy
Author: Anonymous
Release Date: June 24, 2004 [EBook #12699]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WORKS OF ARISTOTLE ***
Produced by Jonathan Ingram and PG Distributed Proofreaders
---------------------------
CHAPTER VI
_Of the Power of the Celestial Bodies over Men and Women._
Having spoken thus largely of Physiognomy, and the judgment given
thereby concerning the dispositions and inclinations of men and women,
it will be convenient here to show how all these things come to pass;
and how it is that the secret inclinations and future fate of men and
women may be known from the consideration of the several parts of the
bodies. They arise from the power and dominion of superior powers to
understand the twelve signs of the Zodiac, whose signs, characters and
significations are as follows:--
[Illustration]
_Aries_, the Ram, which governs the head and face.
_Taurus_, the Bull, which governs the neck.
_Gemini_, the Twins, which governs the hands and arms.
_Cancer_, the Crab, governs the breast and stomach.
_Leo_, the Lion, governs the back and heart
_Virgo_, the Virgin, governs the belly and bowels.
_Libra_, the Balance, governs the veins and loins.
_Scorpio_, the Scorpion, governs the secret parts.
_Sagittary_, the Centaur, governs the thighs.
_Capricorn_, the Goat, governs the knees.
_Aquarius_, the Water-Bearer, governs the legs and ankles.
_Pisces_, the Fish, governs the feet.
It is here furthermore necessary to let the reader know, that the
ancients have divided the celestial sphere into twelve parts, according
to the number of these signs, which are termed houses; as in the first
house, Aries, in the second Taurus, in the third Gemini, etc. And
besides their assigning the twelve signs of the twelve houses, they
allot to each house its proper business.
To the first house they give the signification of life.
The second house has the signification of wealth, substances, or riches.
The third is the mansion of brethren.
The fourth, the house of parentage.
The fifth is the house of children.
The sixth is the house of sickness or disease.
The seventh is the house of wedlock, and also of enemies, because
oftentimes a wife or husband proves the worst enemy.
The eighth is the house of death.
The ninth is the house of religion.
The tenth is the signification of honours.
The eleventh of friendship.
The twelfth is the house of affliction and woe.
Now, astrologically speaking, a house is a certain place in the heaven
or firmament, divided by certain degrees, through which the planets have
their motion, and in which they have their residence and are situated.
And these houses are divided by thirty degrees, for every sign has so
many degrees. And these signs or houses are called the houses of such
and such planets as make their residence therein, and are such as
delight in them, and as they are deposited in such and such houses are
said to be either dignified or debilitated. For though the planets in
their several revolutions go through all the houses, yet there are some
houses which they are more properly said to delight in. As for instance,
Aries and Scorpio are the houses of Mars; Taurus and Libra of Venus;
Gemini and Virgo of Mercury; Sagittarius and Pisces are the houses of
Jupiter; Capricorn and Aquarius are the houses of Saturn; Leo is the
house of the Sun; and Cancer is the house of the Moon.
Now to sum up the whole, and show how this concerns Physiognomy, is
this:--as the body of man, as we have shown, is not only governed by the
signs and planets, but every part is appropriated to one or another of
them, so according to the particular influence of each sign and planet,
so governing is the disposition, inclination, and nature of the person
governed. For such and such tokens and marks do show a person to be born
under such and such a planet; so according to the nature, power and
influences of the planets, is the judgment to be made of that person. By
which the reader may see that the judgments drawn from physiognomy are
grounded upon a certain verity.
Theologo-historicus, Or, The True Life of the Most Reverend Divine and ... By John Barnard
Theologo-historicus, or, The true life of the most reverend divine and excellent historian Peter Heylyn, D.D., sub-dean of Westminster
by John Barnard; George Vernon; Publisher: London : Printed for Daniel Brown, 1683.
Editions: 3 Editions
Theologo-historicus, Or, The True Life of the Most Reverend Divine and ... By John Barnard: "many our sleep to a melancholy temper which the Doctor was never subject to either in time of sickness or health but was a man always of most cheerful spirit I confess that black humour presenteth strange things to the imagination and phantasy of some persons that Aristotle in his Problems ascribes the prophecy of the Sibyl women thereto and Cardanus the revelations of hermits because living in solitude and on bad diet Quantum poterat saith he in illis humor melancholicus The old philosophers also were of opinion that all prophecy did proceed from the strength of imagination by the conjunction of the understanding which they call intellectus paesibilis4 with the other faculty of the intellectus agens whereby they concluded contrary to the holy Scripture that old men vere not capable of "
by John Barnard; George Vernon; Publisher: London : Printed for Daniel Brown, 1683.
Editions: 3 Editions
Theologo-historicus, Or, The True Life of the Most Reverend Divine and ... By John Barnard: "many our sleep to a melancholy temper which the Doctor was never subject to either in time of sickness or health but was a man always of most cheerful spirit I confess that black humour presenteth strange things to the imagination and phantasy of some persons that Aristotle in his Problems ascribes the prophecy of the Sibyl women thereto and Cardanus the revelations of hermits because living in solitude and on bad diet Quantum poterat saith he in illis humor melancholicus The old philosophers also were of opinion that all prophecy did proceed from the strength of imagination by the conjunction of the understanding which they call intellectus paesibilis4 with the other faculty of the intellectus agens whereby they concluded contrary to the holy Scripture that old men vere not capable of "
Sunday, December 9, 2007
Domenico Ghirlandaio
Francesco Sassetti and Ghirlandaio at Santa Trinita, Florence (Book Review). By: Covi, Dario A.. Art Bulletin, Mar1983, Vol. 65 Issue 1, p151, 3p; (AN 5315854)
Francesco Sassetti (general manager of the Medici
bank) acquired chapel between 1470 and 1479, to be
renovated as a family burial chapel dedicated to his
patron saint and the Nativity.
two learned friends of Sassetti - Bartolomeo Fonzio
and Agnolo Poliziano, as advisers to the project.
"Sassetti through his chapel wanted to be remmembered
as a pious Christian and s Patriotic Florentine
confidently awayting the return of a golden age."
Before 1470 the Sassetti had no connection with S.
Trinita, a Vallombrosan abbey church of S. Maria
Novella, where they had embellished the high altar,
donated vestments for the officiating clergy, and had
burial sites (though not chapel chambers inside the
church proper).
For reasons not entirely clear, Francesco quarreled
with the Dominicans and sought patronage and burial
rights elsewhere. (footnote= The authors are
inclined to reject the traditional explanation that
the quarrel was over Sassetti's wish to have the life
of his patron saint painted on the walls of the
church's chancel, a story that is first mentioned in
a late 16th-century chronicle and repeated in a
biography of Francesco written by a descendant in
1600(p.13) The authors suggest that it was perhaps an
underfined relationship with another family, the
Scali, who had a chapel to the rear of the one that
became the Sassetti Chapel, along with lay
participation in the Vallombrosans' special
veneration of Saint Francis of Assisi, that eased the
way for Francesco to establish a chapel in honor of
his patron saint in S. Trinita. They also speculate
taht through Sassetti the Vallombrosans of S. Trinita
may have looked to the Medici regime for support
against a dissident faction within the order which
had taken over several abbeys in Tuscany. Sassetti
was still negotiating for rights to the chapel in
April, 1478, but by early 1480 its renovation was
inder way and by Christmas day 1485, the decoration
was evidently completed. Regular masses began in the
chapel on January 1, 1486.
Francesco Sassetti (general manager of the Medici
bank) acquired chapel between 1470 and 1479, to be
renovated as a family burial chapel dedicated to his
patron saint and the Nativity.
two learned friends of Sassetti - Bartolomeo Fonzio
and Agnolo Poliziano, as advisers to the project.
"Sassetti through his chapel wanted to be remmembered
as a pious Christian and s Patriotic Florentine
confidently awayting the return of a golden age."
Before 1470 the Sassetti had no connection with S.
Trinita, a Vallombrosan abbey church of S. Maria
Novella, where they had embellished the high altar,
donated vestments for the officiating clergy, and had
burial sites (though not chapel chambers inside the
church proper).
For reasons not entirely clear, Francesco quarreled
with the Dominicans and sought patronage and burial
rights elsewhere. (footnote= The authors are
inclined to reject the traditional explanation that
the quarrel was over Sassetti's wish to have the life
of his patron saint painted on the walls of the
church's chancel, a story that is first mentioned in
a late 16th-century chronicle and repeated in a
biography of Francesco written by a descendant in
1600(p.13) The authors suggest that it was perhaps an
underfined relationship with another family, the
Scali, who had a chapel to the rear of the one that
became the Sassetti Chapel, along with lay
participation in the Vallombrosans' special
veneration of Saint Francis of Assisi, that eased the
way for Francesco to establish a chapel in honor of
his patron saint in S. Trinita. They also speculate
taht through Sassetti the Vallombrosans of S. Trinita
may have looked to the Medici regime for support
against a dissident faction within the order which
had taken over several abbeys in Tuscany. Sassetti
was still negotiating for rights to the chapel in
April, 1478, but by early 1480 its renovation was
inder way and by Christmas day 1485, the decoration
was evidently completed. Regular masses began in the
chapel on January 1, 1486.
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